Von Neumann Architecture
Von Neumann architecture design consists of a Central Unit, Arithmetic and Logical unit(ALU), Memory unit, Registers and Input/Outputs. This architecture is based on the stored program computer concept, where instruction data and program data are stored in the same memory. This design is being used in most of the computers produced today.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU): The CPU is the electronic circuit which is responsible for executing the instructions of a computer program. It is sometimes referred to as the microprocessor or processor. The CPU consists of the ALU, CU and a variety of registers.
REGISTERS: Registers are high speed storage areas in the CPU. All the data have to be stored before it can be processed. There are the following registers:
Memory Address Register(MAR): The MAR holds the memory address of the data that needs to be accessed.
Memory Data Register(MDR): The MDR holds the data that is being transferred to or from memory.
Accumulator(AC): In accumulator register the intermediate arithmetic and logical results are stored.
Program Counter(PC): The PC contains the address of the next instruction to be executed.
Current Instruction Register(CIR): The CIR contains the current instructions at the time of processing.
Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU): The ALU allows arithmetic(add, subtract, etc) and logical(AND, OR, NOT, etc) operations to be carried out.
Control Unit(CU): The CU is responsible for controlling the operations of the computer's ALU, memory and input/output devices, instructing them how to respond to the program instructions it has to the program instructions it has just read and interpreted from the memory unit.
The CU is also responsible for providing the timing and control signals required by the other components of a computer.
by
SUBHODEEP MOITRA
and
SUVANKAR ROY GOSWAMI
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